The vocabulary of the digital industry.

The automation of repetitive administrative tasks through software that simulates human interaction with applications.

The European regulation that classifies AI systems by risk level and imposes proportionate obligations.

The subfield of AI where systems learn patterns from data, rather than being explicitly programmed.

An AI model trained on large volumes of text, capable of generating and interpreting natural language.

The field of AI focused on understanding, interpreting and generating human language.

The field of AI focused on extracting information from images and video — recognition, classification, detection.

A technology that combines OCR, NLP and ML to extract structured data from diverse documents.

A technique that enriches LLM responses with information retrieved from specific knowledge bases.

A set of tools and practices for turning operational data into actionable information for decision-making.

A structured repository of consolidated historical data from multiple sources, optimised for analysis.

A quantitative metric that reflects the performance of a critical aspect of the business and guides decisions.

A process that extracts data from source systems, transforms it and loads it into a data warehouse.

The modern variant of ETL where data is loaded raw into the data warehouse and transformed afterwards.

A repository that accepts data in any format, structured or not, deferring modelling to query time.

A processing approach optimised for multi-dimensional analytical queries, as opposed to OLTP.

A model where business users explore and build analyses without depending on the IT team.

The application of statistical and AI models to historical data to predict future behaviours.

A metric comparing the gain generated by an investment with its cost, typically expressed as a percentage or payback time.

A standard file containing accounting and invoicing data in a format required by the Portuguese Tax Authority.

The unique tax-document code in Portugal, which unambiguously identifies each invoice, receipt or delivery note issued.

The European regulation that sets rules for the protection of personal data, in force since 2018.

The Portuguese decree-law that governs the digital archiving of legally valid documents, replacing the paper original.

The international standard that certifies information-security management systems within a company.

The European regulation that defines legally valid digital signatures and electronic identification services.

The European directive that sets cybersecurity requirements for essential and important entities.

The European regulation on digital operational resilience applicable to financial entities and their ICT suppliers.

The Portuguese solution for authentication and qualified digital signature under eIDAS, accessible via mobile phone.

Certification by the Portuguese Tax Authority required of software that issues official invoicing in Portugal.

A goal-setting framework that links qualitative aspirations to quantitative, verifiable key results.

Applying data analysis to human-resources management to inform talent decisions with evidence.

A system that manages the recruitment process — applications, interviews, decisions — in a structured way.

A platform that centralises HR data and processes across the employee life cycle.

The intentional management of a company's reputation as an employer, among candidates and employees.

The structured process of integrating new employees during their first months at the company.

An appraisal process where employees receive feedback from superiors, peers, subordinates and self-assessment.

The systematic identification and development of internal candidates for future key positions.

The level of an employee's emotional and cognitive commitment to their company and work.

An integrated system that manages a company's financial, commercial, production and logistics operations on a single platform.

A system that links the ERP to the shop floor, capturing production, times and quality in real time.

The logic that determines when and in what quantity to buy or produce materials, based on demand and the bill of materials.

A hierarchical structure describing all the components and raw materials needed to produce a finished article.

A platform that manages a product's life cycle, from initial design to discontinuation, keeping every artefact consistent.

An advanced-planning system that optimises the production sequence considering real capacity constraints.

A maintenance philosophy in which production operators actively take part in the basic maintenance of their machines.

A methodology for drastically reducing machine setup time, ideally to under 10 minutes.

A philosophy of continuous improvement through small, incremental changes proposed by those who do the work.

A workplace-organisation methodology in five phases: sort, set in order, shine, standardise, sustain.

A mechanism that makes it impossible, or very difficult, to make a particular human error in a process.

The production rate needed to meet demand, calculated as available time divided by demand.

The total time from start to finish of one unit of production at a workstation or process.

A system that manages maintenance plans, work orders, spare parts and equipment history.

The total cost of a solution over its life cycle — acquisition, implementation, operation and evolution.

A software-delivery model where the application is accessible over the Internet by subscription, with no local installation.

A security model that trusts no user or device by default, continuously verifying every access.

Authentication that requires two or more independent factors (something you know, have, or are) to access a resource.

A system that controls network traffic between zones of differing trust levels, applying security policies.

An encrypted channel over a public network that provides secure access to a company's internal resources.

An approach to the corporate WAN where routing is controlled by central software, not dedicated hardware.

A solution that monitors endpoints in real time to detect, investigate and respond to security threats.

A system that aggregates, correlates and analyses security events from multiple sources for detection and response.

A type of malware that encrypts the victim's data and demands a ransom to restore access.

A social-engineering attack that induces the victim to reveal credentials or perform harmful actions.

The discipline of ensuring an organisation keeps operating during and after disruptive incidents.

Metrics that define the maximum acceptable recovery time (RTO) and acceptable data loss (RPO) after an incident.

An architecture combining on-premises infrastructure and public cloud, with integrated orchestration and data.

An interface that lets one system communicate with another in a structured, automated way.

An architectural style for web APIs based on HTTP and resources identified by URL.

A mechanism in which one system notifies another via HTTP when a relevant event occurs.

A cloud platform for designing and running integrations between multiple systems without heavy code.

An industrial standard protocol for communication between PLCs, SCADA and higher-level systems.

A lightweight pub-sub messaging protocol optimised for IoT devices with limited resources.

A point-of-sale system that records transactions, issues tax documents and syncs with stock and the back office.

The unique identifier of an article in a given combination (colour, size, variant), used in stock and sales.

A retail approach where the physical store, e-commerce and mobile operate as a single, coherent customer experience.

A model where the customer buys online and collects the product at a physical store, instead of waiting for delivery.

A model where online orders are dispatched from physical stores instead of a central warehouse.

The Anglo-Saxon synonym for click-and-collect — buy online, pick up in store.

The evolution of omnichannel where all channels share a single technology platform, not just data.

The process of deciding which products, in what quantities, go into which stores and channels for each season.

The automatic adjustment of prices in real time based on demand, competition, stock and other signals.

A price-reduction strategy for slow-moving or end-of-season products to minimise idle stock.

A store with no physical customers, dedicated exclusively to preparing and dispatching online orders.

A system and discipline for managing customer interactions across the commercial life cycle.

A metric that multiplies Availability, Performance and Quality to measure the real effectiveness of a production asset.

A production philosophy that systematically eliminates waste and optimises flow, originating in the Toyota Production System.

A production model where materials and components arrive only at the moment they are needed, minimising stock.

A system that manages warehouse operations — receiving, picking, dispatch, inventory — in real time.

A visual pulled-production system where consumption at one workstation authorises production at the previous one.

The application of connected sensors and data analysis to industrial equipment and processes.

A living digital replica of a physical asset or process, updated in real time with real data.

Stock of products in the course of production, between raw material and finished product.

The Japanese word for 'the real place' — the lean principle that the truth is on the ground, not in reports.

The integrated management of the flow of materials, information and capital from suppliers to the end customer.

The total time between an order and its delivery or completion.

Additional stock kept to absorb variability in demand and supply, avoiding stockouts.

The classification of items or customers by importance (A=critical, B=medium, C=marginal) to prioritise attention.

An operation where received goods are dispatched directly, without passing through intermediate storage.

A methodology of partial, continuous stock counting instead of a full annual inventory.

A standard for the electronic exchange of commercial documents (orders, invoices, notes) between different companies' systems.

Standardised international commercial terms defining responsibilities between buyer and seller in cross-border transactions.